Chuck is the primal cut from the cow's shoulder and neck area, a well-exercised part of the animal that's rich in flavor but tough due to connective tissue, making it ideal for slow cooking methods like braising, stewing, and pot roasts, or for flavorful ground beef. Popular cuts from the chuck include the 7-bone steak, flat iron steak, and chuck roast, which tenderize beautifully when cooked low and slow.

California became the 31st state on September 9, 1850, admitted to the Union as part of the Compromise of 1850, following a population boom from the Gold Rush that rapidly propelled it from a territory to statehood.  

Ed Harris was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Gene Kranz in the 1995 movie Apollo 13. He received critical acclaim for his portrayal of the flight director in the film, which was nominated for nine Oscars overall. 

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs, while also carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs. It gives red blood cells their distinctive color and is crucial for cellular metabolism. 

"Amen" is the last word in most English versions of the New Testament and thus the last word of the entire Christian Bible. It is found in this line (Book 22, verse 21) at the end of the Book of Revelation (King James Version): "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen."