Washington, D.C. – Oregon’s U.S. Senator Jeff Merkley today pressed U.S. Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg to address the impacts of transportation infrastructure—which include dangerous microplastic particles that are generated from tire and road wear—on Pacific Northwest salmon populations. Salmon are ecologically irreplaceable, have long been of major cultural significance for many Native American tribes, and have been essential to the lives and livelihoods of families in the region for generations.
“Coho salmon in the Pacific Northwest are listed as threatened under the ESA and researchers believe it is unlikely that coho are uniquely sensitive to this chemical. Other aquatic organisms, including closely related and ESA-listed species such as steelhead and chinook salmon, may be equally vulnerable to the impacts of tire wear microplastics and their associated chemicals,” Merkley wrote. “Of additional concern, the same tires that release this near-lethal chemical are often recycled into artificial turf for playgrounds and sports fields. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has initiated research on recycled tire crumb on play fields and identified the chemical 6PPD in the tire crumbs they analyzed. There is a clear need to better understand the toxicological impacts of 6PPD and the chemicals it can transform into and its transformation products to protect our communities and environment.”
“This chemical was found in every waterway researchers tested,” Merkley continued. “This is a widespread environmental crisis that will require a coordinated federal response. Environmental release of this chemical is particularly dangerous to waters along busy roadways, especially those in habitats known to contain threatened or endangered aquatic organisms. We need to significantly reduce tire wear microplastics, and their associated chemicals, from entering our environment.”
Citing those concerns, Merkley requested that Secretary Buttigieg work collaboratively with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services to assess the risk that transportation infrastructure poses to salmon and other aquatic species; explore non-toxic alternatives to tire crumbs; and build off existing work to develop inexpensive filtration systems that could prevent lethal impacts of transportation infrastructure on fish populations.
Merkley’s letter is supported by Edward P. Kolodziej, Associate Professor at the University of Washington who co-led research discovering the 6PPD-quinone chemical: “What we’re seeing in coho salmon populations tells us that we need to better understand chemicals in roadway runoff as we all figure out how to build a ‘salmon safe’ tire that is safe not only for humans but also the environment. To be able to evaluate the environmental risks of roadway runoff and treat stormwater effectively, we request that the tire industry release a complete list of all chemical ingredients used in tires as they work toward finding safer 6PPD replacements. This is especially critical for products like tires that are widely dispersed throughout the environment, as well as having major reuse and recycling pathways which include building materials and crumb rubbers for playing fields.”
“The American Sportfishing Association is grateful for Senator Merkley’s engagement on this emerging policy issue that has in fact impacted the environment for quite some time. Leadership within the Pacific NW delegation is going to be essential to restore the region’s iconic species before they are lost to history,” said Danielle Cloutier, Pacific Fisheries Policy Director at American Sportfishing Association.
Full text of the letter is available here [LINK] and follows below.
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Dear Secretary Buttigieg,
Salmon are vital in the Pacific Northwest. They are essential to lives and livelihoods throughout the region, have major cultural significance for many of the Native American tribes that have long called the region home, and are ecologically irreplaceable. They are an integral species upon which other animals stretching from our inland waterways to our marine environments all depend. In addition to the threats of habitat loss and degradation from climate change that have already led many salmon species in the Pacific Northwest to an Endangered Species Act (ESA) listing of threatened or endangered, emerging research has identified an additional threat: chemicals from tire wear particles.
Tire and road wear particles are small microplastic particles generated by the friction between tires and the road surface. A recent study found that these particles are the largest contributor by mass to microplastic leakage into the ocean, contributing approximately 78% of the total microplastics flowing into the ocean.[2] Each year, over 1 million metric tons of microplastics entering the ocean from tire and road wear alone.1 Microplastics impacts on human health are still not understood, but it is known the average person ingests nearly a credit cards wroth of microplastics each week.[3]
Beyond polluting the environment as microplastics, these particles include a variety of chemicals that pose added threats. New research has linked one of these chemicals, 6PPD-quinone, to the widespread death of coho salmon across the Pacific Northwest. This chemical is derived from the antiozonant 6PPD,[4] which is added to nearly all tires at the concentration of 1 – 2%.[5] While this chemical serves an important role in protecting tires, it is acutely toxic to coho salmon. Most exposed fish die within hours. 6PPD-quinone is a major contributor to the “urban runoff mortality syndrome” that kills 40 – 90% of returning salmon before spawning.[6]
Coho salmon in the Pacific Northwest are listed as threatened under the ESA and researchers believe it is unlikely that coho are uniquely sensitive to this chemical. Other aquatic organisms, including closely related and ESA-listed species such as steelhead and chinook salmon, may be equally vulnerable to the impacts of tire wear microplastics and their associated chemicals. Of additional concern, the same tires that release this near-lethal chemical are often recycled into artificial turf for playgrounds and sports fields. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has initiated research on recycled tire crumb on play fields and identified the chemical 6PPD in the tire crumbs they analyzed.[7] There is a clear need to better understand the toxicological impacts of 6PPD and the chemicals it can transform into and its transformation products to protect our communities and environment.
This chemical was found in every waterway researchers tested. This is a widespread environmental crisis that will require a coordinated Federal response. Environmental release of this chemical is particularly dangerous to waters along busy roadways, especially those in habitats known to contain threatened or endangered aquatic organisms. We need to significantly reduce tire wear microplastics, and their associated chemicals, from entering our environment. Mr. Secretary, I write to urge you to carefully review this issue and direct your agency to do the following to protect our sensitive ecosystems:
- Work collaboratively with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services to assess the risk posed to aquatic species by existing and future roadways;
- Explore demonstrably non-toxic substitutions for 6PPD in tires and ways to minimize tire shedding in collaboration with the tire manufacturing industry and green chemistry experts, such as the EPA’s Green Chemistry Program; and
- Build off the work of scientists to develop simple, inexpensive biofiltration systems that can be incorporated along roadways to prevent these lethal impacts on aquatic species.
Mr. Secretary you have spoken of infrastructure broadly as the foundation for Americans to thrive and I could not agree more. We in the Pacific Northwest cannot thrive without salmon. That is why I urge your agency to swiftly review this critical issue and develop a course of action to protect our salmon and our environment from existing and future infrastructure. I thank you for your continued leadership and look forward to working with you on this issue.
Sincerely,